Yarns ; Cloth rooms ; Mill engineering ; Reeling and baling ; Winding by International Textbook Company & International Correspondence Schools

Author:International Textbook Company & International Correspondence Schools
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Textile machinery, Yarn, Looms
Publisher: Scranton : International Textbook Company
Published: 1906-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

Fio. 82

at {b)y each half is called a gueen closer; but as it is difficult to cut the full length in this manner, the usual mode is first to cut the brick on the line c d, and then to cut each half on the line a b. When the brick is cut as at (e:), it is called a kifig closer, and is a form well adapted for closers at door and window jambs, etc. When one-fourth of the whole length of the brick is cut off, as at {d)y the remainder is called a three-quarter bat; and in like manner the portion remaining, as in (e) , is called a haU bat; and at (/), a quarter bat.

There are several methods of placing the bricks in the wall when closers are used to properly secure the lap, each method having its own name to indicate the kind of bond used. Assuming the wall to have the properties of a column,

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its bearing capacity will necessarily depend on the strength of its least dimension, which is its thickness, so that the bond that secures a thorough union of the constituent parts in this direction will always be the most desirable.

52. Heading Bond.—When all the courses present the ends of the bricks in the face of the wall, the wall will then be composed entirely of headers; this method, however, is only adapted for use in sharp-curved walls, as it possesses little longitudinal bond.

53. Stretching Bond.—When all the courses consist of stretchers, the wall formed should only be used for partitions that are but 4 inches in thickness; where the wall is thicker

Fig. 33

than this, the method cannot be followed, as there will be no transverse bond whatever.

64. Englisli Bond.—Though not much used in this country, this is probably the best and strongest method of bricklaying. A wall bonded by this system shows header and stretcher courses alternately, as shown in Fig. 33. The longitudinal bond is obtained by the use of quarter-bat closers c placed in alternate courses, as shown. This is without doubt the best and simplest method to follow in all work where strength is required, as by its use a complete and thorough transverse bond is procured. The heart of the wall consists entirely of heading bond, and the joints of the

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heading: course, as at a, are well bonded by the headers of the stretching course as at b. The English bond can also be accomplished by the use of the three-quarter bats, and many authorities prefer them to quarter-bat closers, as by using three-quarter bats only one mortar joint is required in place of two.

An objection frequently urged against the appearance of the English bond on the face of the wall, is the recurrence of so many headers, which give the work the appearance of being constructed of so many tile-like blocks. The use of diminutive blocks of either brick or stone, in heavy walls, always tends to reduce the apparent

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